5. a.Explain 2 phase commit protocol in a distributed environment . What actions would (5) be taken
when a site recovers from failure?

b. Explain the R-tree index structure for spatial database, Suppose you have a
relation containing the x, y coordinates and names of restaurants. Suppose also
that only queries that will be asked are of the following form; The query specifies
a point, and asks if there is a restaurant exactly at that point. Which (5) type of
index would be preferable, R-tree or B-tree? Why?

6, a. List out any three advantages of distributed systems (2) b. Illustrate how semi-join leads to efficient

query processing in distributed databases (5)

c. How does a nearness query differ from a region query? (3)
PART C

a. What 15 meant by object persistence? How is it achieved in object databases?

b. It is necessary to represent the basic details about books. Each book has a title, one or
more authors, publisher and price. fie book has chapters, each with a chapter number and
name. Each chapter can have sections. A section has name and number. A secdon can have
other sections. book also has appendices each with appendix number and name. The
structure of appendix is same as that of a chapter. Design a

(6) DTD for this book structure.

8. a.What is the purpose of object references in ORACLE? For the following ER diagram, (8) where all
the relationships are many-many, write the statements that form object tables with necessary

references.
(७४ 2 startdate
i
Department

ല്‍ on

Employee
b. What primary characteristics should an Object Identifier possess? (2)
9. a. 109४ ‏مل‎ regular inheritance, multiple inheritance and selective inheritance (5)

differ
b. How XMLschema differ from XML DTD. Illustrate wit.h an example (5)